Healthy Lifestyle and Longevity:
A healthy lifestyle is essential for a long and fulfilling life. Researchers from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health conducted a massive study of the impact of health habits on life expectancy, using data from the well-known Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) 1. This means that they had data on a huge number of people over a very long period of time. The NHS included over 78,000 women and followed them from 1980 to 2014. The HPFS included over 40,000 men and followed them from 1986 to 2014. This is over 120,000 participants, 34 years of data for women, and 28 years of data for men.
The researchers looked at NHS and HPFS data on diet, physical activity, body weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption that had been collected from regularly administered, validated questionnaires. These five areas were chosen because prior studies have shown them to have a large impact on the risk of premature death 1. Here is how these healthy habits were defined and measured:
- Healthy diet: calculated and rated based on the reported intake of healthy foods like vegetables, fruits, nuts, whole grains, healthy fats, and omega-3 fatty acids, and unhealthy foods like red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, trans fat, and sodium.
- Healthy physical activity level: measured as at least 30 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous activity daily.
- Healthy body weight: defined as a normal body mass index (BMI), which is between 18.5 and 24.9.
- Smoking: well, there is no healthy amount of smoking. “Healthy” here meant never having smoked.
- Moderate alcohol intake: measured as between 5 and 15 grams per day for women, and 5 to 30 grams per day for men. Generally, one drink contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol. That’s 12 ounces of regular beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits.
